Tugas Mid Research in ELT 2

Name : Wa Ode Nisrawati
Reg. Number : A1D2 10 004
Assignment : Research in ELT II

1. Jelaskan apa perbedaan antara penelitian kualitatif dan penelitian kuantitatif! 
2. Apa yang anda ketahui tentang: a. Populasi b. Sampel c. Variabel 
3. Jelaskan apa yang anda ketahui tentang: a. Simple random sampling b. Quota sampling c. Purposive sampling d. Systematic random sampling e. Cluster sampling 
4. Jelaskan pengertian random assignment dan randomly assigned! 
5. Apa perbedaan yang mendasar antara variabel dependen dan independen? 
6. Kenapa kita memerlukan sampel dari satu penelitian? 
7. Kapan satu sampel penelitian disebut subjek penelitian di luar penelitian tindakan kelas? 
8. Apakah penelitian quasi eksperimen perlu sampel? 
9. Sampel yang bagus adalah sampel yang representative. Apa maksudnya? 
10. Apa perlunya satu data harus ditrianggulasi? 

Answers:

1. Qualitative research is a research that is conducted based on systematic subjective approach in describing life experiences and give the meaning. While quantitative research is a research that is conducted based on a formal, objective, systematic process for attaining information, where used to describe, test relationships, and examine cause and effect relationship. To make them clearer, it is good to make a distinction between them based on their goal and characteristics. Goal:  The qualitative research’s goal is to get knowledge and explore its depth and complexity. While the quantitative research’s goal is to test relationship, and examine cause and examine relationship. Characteristics:

   Qualitative	Quantitative
   ·         Soft science	·         Hard science
   ·         Focus: complex & broad	·         Focus: concise & narrow
   ·         Holistic	·         Reductionistic
   ·         Subjective	·         Objective
   ·         Dialectic, inductive reasoning	·         Logistic, deductive reasoning
   ·         Basis of knowing: meaning & discovery	·         Basis of knowing: cause & effect, relationships
   ·         Develops theory	·         Tests theory
   ·         Shared interpretation	·         Control
   ·         Communication & observation	·         Instruments
   ·         Basic element of analysis: words	·         Basic element of analysis: numbers
   ·         Individual interpretation	·         Statistical Analysis

2. Population, sample, and variable a. Population is a large group where individuals or things are selected to be participated in a research. b. Sample is an individual or thing that is selected for a research and has representative characteristic in represent the large group where they are selected. c. Variable is all things that included in the research that can be measured, manipulated, described, or controlled. There are some kinds of variable, those are 
3. Simple random sampling, quota, purposive, systematic, and cluster sampling.

    a. Simple random sampling is a sampling technique that is done randomly, so all elements of      population have the same chance to be a sample. It is called as “simple” because it does not pay attention to the level of population members. It is appropriate for homogeneous population. 

    b. Quota sampling is a technique in obtaining the sample based on the characteristics that have been decided by the researcher. The researcher determines first the number of samples he/she will take. 

    c. Purposive sampling is a sampling that is used by the researcher if the researcher has some considerations in determining the samples or it can be mentioned as sample determination based on the certain purpose. 

   d. Systematic random sampling is a sampling that is done based on the interval has been determined. For example the number of people in population is 100, and the researcher gives number to all of the members from 1 to 100 and determines which number will be included as samples. 

   e. Cluster sampling is the way we take sample from population that grouping the population become subs of population, and those subs are made more specific. The members of last sub-population are taken randomly as the samples. 

4. Random assignment is how we assign the sample that we draw to different groups or treatments in our study or refers to the use of chance procedures in experiments to ensure that each participant has the same opportunity to be assigned to any given group. While randomly assigned are the study participants that are assigned to different group randomly, such as the experimental group, or treatment group. 

5. Independent variable is a variable can be controlled and manipulated in scientific experiment to test the effects on the dependent variable. While a dependent variable is the variable being tested in a scientific experiment.

6. The reason why we need sample in the research is to get information about research object by observe population partly. It is because some researcher’s consideration. One likely consideration is that’s impossible to observe all members of population that has great number.

7. We call sample as research subject when all members of population are taken to be a sample.

8. Yes, because in experimental research, we examine the effectiveness of one treatment, so we need the sample to know its effectiveness, although the samples are taken without random. It uses the intact group as samples that will receive a treatment.

9. A good sample is a representative sample. It means that the samples are taken represents the characteristics of population. By taking a representative sample, the collected information from the samples are in the same accuracy with the information from population.

10. Data triangulation is important because it makes sure the data validation and it is a powerful technique that facilitates validation of data through cross verification from two or more sources. Typically, through triangulating we expect various data sources and methods to lead to a singular proposition about the phenomenon being studied.